diff --git a/cosmo/Dockerfile b/cosmo/Dockerfile
index 6fafeaa..761bade 100644
--- a/cosmo/Dockerfile
+++ b/cosmo/Dockerfile
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # MAIN: https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/
 # REPO: https://github.com/jart/cosmopolitan
 ARG COSMO_FLAVOR=def
-ARG COSMO_COMMIT=d5910e267352319359477d2a533c93ac7d883c95
-ARG COSMO_SHA256=a8cb999cbe7c6c9405c7aa9c51e54eee61177bc46efe8f88ec68393c776d5ceb
+ARG COSMO_COMMIT=31dab8a75d928df7a4cd2e9bcf42916b1810d085
+ARG COSMO_SHA256=4acafc98fa38a2429941ed46cbec4ac7c0c313641397d9c1fcda1a8e9115df80
 
 FROM localhost/notwa-util AS downloader
 ARG COSMO_COMMIT COSMO_SHA256
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ WORKDIR /cosmopolitan
 # tell makefiles to be less noisy, also use /tmp:
 ENV V=0 COLUMNS=80 TMPDIR=/tmp
 
-COPY unbourne-backports.patch /cosmopolitan/
 COPY --chmod=0755 --from=localhost/notwa-util /nu/ /usr/bin/
 RUN : \
 # allow optimized builds to be more portable, so the container is too. \
@@ -35,20 +34,16 @@ RUN : \
 '/\bNET_HTTP\b/i\\tTHIRD_PARTY_LINENOISE\t\t\\' \
 # include LoadZipArgs in cosmopolitan.a \
 '/\bNET_HTTP\b/i\\tTOOL_ARGS\t\t\\' \
-# include nsync_cv_signal and nsync_cv_wait_with_deadline in cosmopolitan.a \
-'/\bTHIRD_PARTY_NSYNC_MALLOC\b/i\\tTHIRD_PARTY_NSYNC_MEM\t\t\\' \
 # add missing includes \
  && shed libc/elf/elf.h '/"libc\/elf\/struct\/ehdr.h"/i\\#include "libc/elf/struct/dyn.h"' \
 # awk's pledge isn't working for me for whatever reason \
  && shed third_party/awk/main.c '/pledge.*{/,/}/d' \
 # create a mapping from flavor to mode (possibly an empty string) \
- && { [ "$COSMO_FLAVOR" != def ] && mode="$COSMO_FLAVOR" || mode=; } \
+ && { [ "$COSMO_FLAVOR" != def ] && mode="$COSMO_FLAVOR" || mode= ;} \
  && printf '%s="%s"\n' >env \
     commit "$COSMO_COMMIT" \
     flavor "$COSMO_FLAVOR" \
     mode "$mode" \
-# apply patches from dash to unbourne shell \
- && /usr/bin/busybox patch -p1 -i unbourne-backports.patch \
 # make calling make a little shorter (don't put this in distrib!) \
  && printf '%s\n' >makeit '#!/usr/bin/env sh' \
     "build/bootstrap/make.com -j2 MODE='$mode'"' "$@"' \
@@ -112,7 +107,6 @@ RUN : \
 
 # install the rest
 FROM builder AS distrib
-COPY --chmod=0755 --from=localhost/notwa-util /nu/dedupe /usr/bin/
 RUN --mount=type=tmpfs,target=/tmp : \
  && . ./env \
  && find o -name '*.sym' -delete \
diff --git a/cosmo/unbourne-backports.patch b/cosmo/unbourne-backports.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index ba5c0e2..0000000
--- a/cosmo/unbourne-backports.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1664 +0,0 @@
---- a/examples/unbourne.c
-+++ b/examples/unbourne.c
-@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@
-   for decades thanks to a spark of brilliance from Ken Thompson.
- 
-     git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/dash/dash.git
--    fba95e9e4a5d0f1f1ac9f7d86557e47bc0e2656c
--    Tue Jun 19 11:27:37 2018 -0400
-+    057cd650a4edd5856213d431a974ff35c6594489
-+    Fri Sep 03 15:00:58 2021 +0800
- 
-   The UNBOURNE SHELL pays HOMAGE to the Stewards of House California:
- 
-@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
-     Derived from software contributed to Berkeley by Kenneth Almquist.
- 
-     Copyright 1991,1993 The Regents of the University of California
--    Copyright 1997-2018 Herbert Xu
-+    Copyright 1997-2021 Herbert Xu
-     Copyright 1997 Christos Zoulas
- 
-     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@
- /* exceptions */
- #define EXINT   0
- #define EXERROR 1
-+#define EXEND   3
- #define EXEXIT  4
- 
- /*
-@@ -207,7 +208,6 @@
- #define CEOF      11
- #define CCTL      12
- #define CSPCL     13
--#define CIGN      14
- 
- /* Syntax classes for is_ functions */
- #define ISDIGIT 01
-@@ -216,13 +216,11 @@
- #define ISUNDER 010
- #define ISSPECL 020
- 
--#define SYNBASE 130
--#define PEOF    -130
-+#define SYNBASE 129
-+#define PEOF    -129
- 
- #define EOF_NLEFT -99
- 
--#define PEOA -129
--
- #define BASESYNTAX (basesyntax + SYNBASE)
- #define DQSYNTAX   (dqsyntax + SYNBASE)
- #define SQSYNTAX   (sqsyntax + SYNBASE)
-@@ -345,6 +343,7 @@
- #define VSTRIMLEFT     0x8
- #define VSTRIMLEFTMAX  0x9
- #define VSLENGTH       0xa
-+/* VSLENGTH must come last. */
- 
- /* values of checkkwd variable */
- #define CHKALIAS   0x1
-@@ -484,9 +483,10 @@
- #define CUR_STOPPED 0
- 
- /* mode flags for dowait */
--#define DOWAIT_NORMAL  0
--#define DOWAIT_BLOCK   1
--#define DOWAIT_WAITCMD 2
-+#define DOWAIT_NONBLOCK    0
-+#define DOWAIT_BLOCK       1
-+#define DOWAIT_WAITCMD     2
-+#define DOWAIT_WAITCMD_ALL 4
- 
- /* _rmescape() flags */
- #define RMESCAPE_ALLOC 0x01
-@@ -570,7 +570,6 @@
- #define CD_PHYSICAL 1
- #define CD_PRINT    2
- 
--#define REALLY_CLOSED -3
- #define EMPTY         -2
- #define CLOSED        -1
- #define PIPESIZE      4096
-@@ -711,10 +710,11 @@
-   struct strpush *prev; /* preceding string on stack */
-   char *prevstring;
-   int prevnleft;
--  struct alias *ap; /* if push was associated with an alias */
--  char *string;     /* remember the string since it may change */
--  int lastc[2];     /* Remember last two characters for pungetc. */
--  int unget;        /* Number of outstanding calls to pungetc. */
-+  struct alias *ap;       /* if push was associated with an alias */
-+  char *string;           /* remember the string since it may change */
-+  struct strpush *spfree; /* Delay freeing so we can stop nested aliases. */
-+  int lastc[2];           /* Remember last two characters for pungetc. */
-+  int unget;              /* Number of outstanding calls to pungetc. */
- };
- 
- /*
-@@ -731,6 +731,7 @@
-   char *buf;                  /* input buffer */
-   struct strpush *strpush;    /* for pushing strings at this level */
-   struct strpush basestrpush; /* so pushing one is fast */
-+  struct strpush *spfree;     /* Delay freeing so we can stop nested aliases. */
-   int lastc[2];               /* Remember last two characters for pungetc. */
-   int unget;                  /* Number of outstanding calls to pungetc. */
- };
-@@ -1055,8 +1056,8 @@
- static int funcblocksize;  /* size of structures in function */
- static int funcline;       /* start line of function, or 0 if not in one */
- static int funcstringsize; /* size of strings in node */
--static int gotsigchld;     /* received SIGCHLD */
- static int initialpgrp;    /* pgrp of shell on invocation */
-+static int inps4;          /* Prevent PS4 nesting. */
- static int job_warning;
- static int jobctl;
- static int last_token;
-@@ -1083,6 +1084,7 @@
- static struct ifsregion *ifslastp;  /* last struct in list */
- static struct ifsregion ifsfirst;   /* first struct in list of ifs regions */
- static struct jmploc *handler;
-+static struct jmploc main_handler;
- static struct job *curjob; /* current job */
- static struct job *jobtab; /* array of jobs */
- static struct localvar_list *localvar_stack;
-@@ -1099,8 +1101,10 @@
- static struct Var *vartab[VTABSIZE];
- static union node *redirnode;
- static union yystype yylval;
-+static unsigned closed_redirs; /* Bit map of currently closed file descriptors. */
- static unsigned expdir_max;
- static unsigned njobs; /* size of array */
-+static volatile sig_atomic_t gotsigchld;  /* received SIGCHLD */
- static volatile sig_atomic_t intpending;
- static volatile sig_atomic_t pending_sig; /* last pending signal */
- static struct alias *atab[ATABSIZE];
-@@ -1217,117 +1221,135 @@
- 
- /* syntax table used when not in quotes */
- static const char basesyntax[] /* clang-format off */ = {
--    CEOF,  CSPCL,   CWORD,   CCTL,    CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,    CCTL,
--    CCTL,  CCTL,    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CSPCL, CNL,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CSPCL, CWORD,   CDQUOTE, CWORD,   CVAR,  CWORD, CSPCL, CSQUOTE, CSPCL,
--    CSPCL, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CSPCL, CSPCL,   CWORD,   CSPCL,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CBACK, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CBQUOTE, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CSPCL,   CENDVAR, CWORD, CWORD
-+    CEOF,    CWORD,   CCTL,    CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,    CCTL,  CCTL,
-+    CCTL,    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CSPCL, CNL,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CSPCL,
-+    CWORD,   CDQUOTE, CWORD,   CVAR,  CWORD, CSPCL, CSQUOTE, CSPCL, CSPCL,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CSPCL,
-+    CSPCL,   CWORD,   CSPCL,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CBACK, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CBQUOTE, CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CSPCL,   CENDVAR, CWORD, CWORD
- } /* clang-format on */;
- 
- /* syntax table used when in double quotes */
- static const char dqsyntax[] /* clang-format off */ = {
--    CEOF,  CIGN,    CWORD,     CCTL,    CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,
--    CCTL,  CCTL,    CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CNL,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CCTL,    CENDQUOTE, CWORD,   CVAR,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CCTL,    CWORD,     CWORD,   CCTL,  CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CCTL,      CWORD,   CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CCTL,  CBACK, CCTL,  CWORD,
--    CWORD, CBQUOTE, CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD,     CENDVAR, CCTL,  CWORD
-+    CEOF,    CWORD,     CCTL,    CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,
-+    CCTL,    CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CNL,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CCTL,    CENDQUOTE, CWORD,   CVAR,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CCTL,    CWORD,     CWORD,   CCTL,  CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CCTL,      CWORD,   CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CCTL,  CBACK, CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CBQUOTE, CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD,     CENDVAR, CCTL,  CWORD
- } /* clang-format on */;
- 
- /* syntax table used when in single quotes */
--static const char sqsyntax[] = {
--    CEOF,      CIGN,  CWORD, CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CNL,   CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CENDQUOTE, CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CCTL,      CCTL,  CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD,
--};
-+static const char sqsyntax[] /* clang-format off */ = {
-+    CEOF,  CWORD, CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,      CCTL,  CCTL,
-+    CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CNL,   CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CENDQUOTE, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CCTL,  CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,      CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,     CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CCTL,  CWORD
-+} /* clang-format on */;
- 
- /* syntax table used when in arithmetic */
--static const char arisyntax[] = {
--    CEOF,  CIGN,  CWORD, CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,    CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,    CCTL,  CCTL,  CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CNL,   CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CVAR,  CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CLP,   CRP,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CBACK, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CBQUOTE, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
--    CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CENDVAR, CWORD, CWORD,
--};
-+static const char arisyntax[] /* clang-format off */ = {
-+    CEOF,    CWORD, CCTL,    CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,  CCTL,
-+    CCTL,    CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CNL,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CVAR,  CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CLP,   CRP,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CBACK, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CBQUOTE, CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD,   CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD, CWORD,
-+    CWORD,   CWORD, CENDVAR, CWORD, CWORD
-+} /* clang-format on */;
- 
- /* character classification table */
- static const char is_type[] /* clang-format off */ = {
-@@ -1351,19 +1373,19 @@
-     0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
-     0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
-     0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
--    0,       0,       0,       ISSPECL, 0,       ISSPECL, ISSPECL, 0,
--    0,       0,       0,       0,       ISSPECL, 0,       0,       ISSPECL,
--    0,       0,       ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT,
--    ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, 0,       0,       0,       0,
--    0,       ISSPECL, ISSPECL, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER,
-+    0,       0,       ISSPECL, 0,       ISSPECL, ISSPECL, 0,       0,
-+    0,       0,       0,       ISSPECL, 0,       0,       ISSPECL, 0,
-+    0,       ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT,
-+    ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, ISDIGIT, 0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
-+    ISSPECL, ISSPECL, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER,
-     ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER,
-     ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER,
--    ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, 0,       0,       0,
--    0,       ISUNDER, 0,       ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER,
-+    ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, ISUPPER, 0,       0,       0,       0,
-+    ISUNDER, 0,       ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER,
-     ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER,
-     ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER,
--    ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, 0,       0,       0,
--    0,       0
-+    ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, ISLOWER, 0,       0,       0,       0,
-+    0
- } /* clang-format on */;
- 
- static int aliascmd();
-@@ -2141,9 +2163,7 @@
- static int options(int);
- static int padvance_magic(const char **, const char *, int);
- static int patmatch(char *, const char *);
--static int peektoken(void);
- static int pgetc(void);
--static int pgetc2(void);
- static int pgetc_eatbnl();
- static int pmatch(const char *, const char *);
- static int preadbuffer(void);
-@@ -2155,6 +2175,7 @@
- static int redirectsafe(union node *, int);
- static int savefd(int, int);
- static int setinputfile(const char *, int);
-+static int sh_open(const char *pathname, int flags, int mayfail);
- static int showvars(const char *, int, int);
- static int stoppedjobs(void);
- static int test_file_access(const char *, int);
-@@ -2195,21 +2216,20 @@
- static void addcmdentry(char *, struct cmdentry *);
- static void addfname(char *);
- static void check_conversion(const char *, const char *);
--static void clear_traps(void);
- static void clearcmdentry(void);
--static void closescript(void);
- static void defun(union node *);
- static void delete_cmd_entry(void);
- static void dotrap(void);
- static void dupredirect(union node *, int);
- static void exitreset(void);
- static void expandarg(union node *arg, struct arglist *arglist, int flag);
--static void expandmeta(struct strlist *, int);
-+static void expandmeta(struct strlist *);
- static void expbackq(union node *, int);
- static void expmeta(char *, unsigned, unsigned);
- static void expredir(union node *);
- static void find_command(char *, struct cmdentry *, int, const char *);
- static void fixredir(union node *, const char *, int);
-+static void forkreset(void);
- static void freeparam(volatile struct shparam *);
- static void hashcd(void);
- static void ignoresig(int);
-@@ -2222,7 +2242,7 @@
- static void parseheredoc(void);
- static void popallfiles(void);
- static void popfile(void);
--static void poplocalvars(int);
-+static void poplocalvars(void);
- static void popredir(int);
- static void popstring(void);
- static void prehash(union node *);
-@@ -3083,8 +3103,11 @@
- static int evaltree(union node *n, int flags) {
-   int checkexit = 0;
-   int (*evalfn)(union node *, int);
-+  struct stackmark smark;
-   unsigned isor;
-   int status = 0;
-+  setstackmark(&smark);
-+  if (nflag) goto out;
-   if (n == NULL) {
-     TRACE(("evaltree(NULL) called\n"));
-     goto out;
-@@ -3108,7 +3131,7 @@
-     case NCMD:
-       evalfn = evalcommand;
-     checkexit:
--      if (eflag && !(flags & EV_TESTED)) checkexit = ~0;
-+      checkexit = ~flags & EV_TESTED;
-       goto calleval;
-     case NFOR:
-       evalfn = evalfor;
-@@ -3132,8 +3155,6 @@
-     case NSEMI:
-       isor = n->type - NAND;
-       status = evaltree(n->nbinary.ch1, (flags | ((isor >> 1) - 1)) & EV_TESTED);
--      /* XXX: -Wlogical-not-parentheses:
--         if (!status == isor || evalskip) break; */
-       if ((!status) == isor || evalskip) break;
-       n = n->nbinary.ch2;
-     evaln:
-@@ -3160,12 +3181,13 @@
-       break;
-   }
- out:
--  if (checkexit & status) goto exexit;
-   dotrap();
-+  if (eflag && checkexit & status) goto exexit;
-   if (flags & EV_EXIT) {
-   exexit:
--    exraise(EXEXIT);
-+    exraise(EXEND);
-   }
-+  popstackmark(&smark);
-   return exitstatus;
- }
- 
-@@ -3261,11 +3283,9 @@
-   struct arglist arglist;
-   union node *argp;
-   struct strlist *sp;
--  struct stackmark smark;
-   int status;
-   errlinno = lineno = n->nfor.linno;
-   if (funcline) lineno -= funcline - 1;
--  setstackmark(&smark);
-   arglist.lastp = &arglist.list;
-   for (argp = n->nfor.args; argp; argp = argp->narg.next) {
-     expandarg(argp, &arglist, EXP_FULL | EXP_TILDE);
-@@ -3280,7 +3300,6 @@
-     if (skiploop() & ~SKIPCONT) break;
-   }
-   loopnest--;
--  popstackmark(&smark);
-   return status;
- }
- 
-@@ -3304,11 +3323,9 @@
-   union node *cp;
-   union node *patp;
-   struct arglist arglist;
--  struct stackmark smark;
-   int status = 0;
-   errlinno = lineno = n->ncase.linno;
-   if (funcline) lineno -= funcline - 1;
--  setstackmark(&smark);
-   arglist.lastp = &arglist.list;
-   expandarg(n->ncase.expr, &arglist, EXP_TILDE);
-   for (cp = n->ncase.cases; cp && evalskip == 0; cp = cp->nclist.next) {
-@@ -3326,7 +3343,6 @@
-     }
-   }
- out:
--  popstackmark(&smark);
-   return status;
- }
- 
-@@ -3340,14 +3356,17 @@
-   errlinno = lineno = n->nredir.linno;
-   if (funcline) lineno -= funcline - 1;
-   expredir(n->nredir.redirect);
--  if (!backgnd && flags & EV_EXIT && !have_traps()) goto nofork;
-   INTOFF;
-+  if (!backgnd && flags & EV_EXIT && !have_traps()) {
-+    forkreset();
-+    goto nofork;
-+  }
-   jp = makejob(n, 1);
-   if (forkshell(jp, n, backgnd) == 0) {
--    INTON;
-     flags |= EV_EXIT;
-     if (backgnd) flags &= ~EV_TESTED;
-   nofork:
-+    INTON;
-     redirect(n->nredir.redirect, 0);
-     evaltreenr(n->nredir.n, flags);
-     /* never returns */
-@@ -3378,7 +3397,7 @@
-       case NFROMFD:
-       case NTOFD:
-         if (redir->ndup.vname) {
--          expandarg(redir->ndup.vname, &fn, EXP_FULL | EXP_TILDE);
-+          expandarg(redir->ndup.vname, &fn, EXP_TILDE | EXP_REDIR);
-           fixredir(redir, fn.list->text, 1);
-         }
-         break;
-@@ -3527,7 +3546,6 @@
-   struct localvar_list *localvar_stop;
-   struct parsefile *file_stop;
-   struct redirtab *redir_stop;
--  struct stackmark smark;
-   union node *argp;
-   struct arglist arglist;
-   struct arglist varlist;
-@@ -3550,7 +3568,6 @@
-   if (funcline) lineno -= funcline - 1;
-   /* First expand the arguments. */
-   TRACE(("evalcommand(0x%lx, %d) called\n", (long)cmd, flags));
--  setstackmark(&smark);
-   file_stop = parsefile;
-   back_exitstatus = 0;
-   cmdentry.cmdtype = CMDBUILTIN;
-@@ -3624,11 +3641,13 @@
-       setvareq((*spp)->text, vflags);
-   }
-   /* Print the command if xflag is set. */
--  if (xflag) {
-+  if (xflag && !inps4) {
-     struct output *out;
-     int sep;
-     out = &preverrout;
-+    inps4 = 1;
-     outstr(expandstr(ps4val()), out);
-+    inps4 = 0;
-     sep = 0;
-     sep = eprintlist(out, varlist.list, sep);
-     eprintlist(out, osp, sep);
-@@ -3679,7 +3698,6 @@
-      */
-     setvar("_", lastarg, 0);
-   }
--  popstackmark(&smark);
-   return status;
- }
- 
-@@ -3702,6 +3720,7 @@
-   else
-     status = (*cmd->builtin)(argc, argv);
-   flushall();
-+  if (out1->flags) sh_warnx("%s: I/O error", commandname);
-   status |= out1->flags;
-   exitstatus = status;
- cmddone:
-@@ -3893,7 +3912,7 @@
-   exerrno = (e == ELOOP || e == ENAMETOOLONG || e == ENOENT || e == ENOTDIR) ? 127 : 126;
-   exitstatus = exerrno;
-   TRACE(("shellexec failed for %s, errno %d, suppressint %d\n", argv[0], e, suppressint));
--  exerror(EXEXIT, "%s: %s", argv[0], errmsg(e, E_EXEC));
-+  exerror(EXEND, "%s: %s", argv[0], errmsg(e, E_EXEC));
- }
- 
- static void tryexec(char *cmd, char **argv, char **envp) {
-@@ -4498,7 +4517,7 @@
-     ifsbreakup(p, -1, &exparg);
-     *exparg.lastp = NULL;
-     exparg.lastp = &exparg.list;
--    expandmeta(exparg.list, flag);
-+    expandmeta(exparg.list);
-   } else {
-     sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof(struct strlist));
-     sp->text = p;
-@@ -4560,7 +4579,7 @@
-       q = stnputs(p, length, expdest);
-       q[-1] &= end - 1;
-       expdest = q - (flag & EXP_WORD ? end : 0);
--      newloc = expdest - (char *)stackblock() - end;
-+      newloc = q - (char *)stackblock() - end;
-       if (breakall && !inquotes && newloc > startloc) {
-         recordregion(startloc, newloc, 0);
-       }
-@@ -4756,7 +4775,7 @@
-   INTON;
-   /* Eat all trailing newlines */
-   dest = expdest;
--  for (; dest > (char *)stackblock() && dest[-1] == '\n';) {
-+  for (; dest > ((char *)stackblock() + startloc) && dest[-1] == '\n';) {
-     STUNPUTC(dest);
-   }
-   expdest = dest;
-@@ -4889,6 +4908,7 @@
-   int patloc;
-   int startloc;
-   long varlen;
-+  int discard;
-   int quoted;
-   varflags = *p++;
-   subtype = varflags & VSTYPE;
-@@ -4899,31 +4919,32 @@
- again:
-   varlen = varvalue(var_, varflags, flag, quoted);
-   if (varflags & VSNUL) varlen--;
-+  discard = varlen < 0 ? EXP_DISCARD : 0;
-   switch (subtype) {
-     case VSPLUS:
--      varlen = -1 - varlen;
-+      discard ^= EXP_DISCARD;
-       /* fall through */
-     case 0:
-     case VSMINUS:
--      p = argstr(p, flag | EXP_TILDE | EXP_WORD);
--      if (varlen < 0) return p;
-+      p = argstr(p, flag | EXP_TILDE | EXP_WORD | (discard ^ EXP_DISCARD));
-       goto record;
-     case VSASSIGN:
-     case VSQUESTION:
--      if (varlen >= 0) goto record;
--      p = subevalvar(p, var_, 0, startloc, varflags, flag & ~QUOTES_ESC);
--      if (flag & EXP_DISCARD) return p;
-+      p = subevalvar(p, var_, 0, startloc, varflags, (flag & ~QUOTES_ESC) | (discard ^ EXP_DISCARD));
-+      if ((flag | ~discard) & EXP_DISCARD) goto record;
-       varflags &= ~VSNUL;
-+      subtype = VSNORMAL;
-       goto again;
-   }
--  if (varlen < 0 && uflag) varunset(p, var_, 0, 0);
-+  if ((discard & ~flag) && uflag) varunset(p, var_, 0, 0);
-   if (subtype == VSLENGTH) {
-+    p++;
-     if (flag & EXP_DISCARD) return p;
-     cvtnum(varlen > 0 ? varlen : 0, flag);
--    goto record;
-+    goto really_record;
-   }
-   if (subtype == VSNORMAL) goto record;
--  flag |= varlen < 0 ? EXP_DISCARD : 0;
-+  flag |= discard;
-   if (!(flag & EXP_DISCARD)) {
-     /*
-      * Terminate the string and start recording the pattern
-@@ -4934,7 +4955,8 @@
-   patloc = expdest - (char *)stackblock();
-   p = subevalvar(p, NULL, patloc, startloc, varflags, flag);
- record:
--  if (flag & EXP_DISCARD) return p;
-+  if ((flag | discard) & EXP_DISCARD) return p;
-+really_record:
-   if (quoted) {
-     quoted = *var_ == '@' && shellparam.nparam;
-     if (!quoted) return p;
-@@ -5212,7 +5234,7 @@
-  * Expand shell metacharacters.  At this point, the only control characters
-  * should be escapes.  The results are stored in the list exparg.
-  */
--static void expandmeta(struct strlist *str, int flag) {
-+static void expandmeta(struct strlist *str) {
-   static const char metachars[] = {'*', '?', '[', 0};
-   /* TODO - EXP_REDIR */
-   while (str) {
-@@ -5595,11 +5617,23 @@
-   return memtodest(buf, len, flags);
- }
- 
--/*
-- * Read a character from the script, returning PEOF on end of file.
-- * Nul characters in the input are silently discarded.
-- */
--static int pgetc(void) {
-+static void freestrings(struct strpush *sp) {
-+  INTOFF;
-+  do {
-+    struct strpush *psp;
-+    if (sp->ap) {
-+      sp->ap->flag &= ~ALIASINUSE;
-+      if (sp->ap->flag & ALIASDEAD) unalias(sp->ap->name);
-+    }
-+    psp = sp;
-+    sp = sp->spfree;
-+    if (psp != &(parsefile->basestrpush)) ckfree(psp);
-+  } while (sp);
-+  parsefile->spfree = NULL;
-+  INTON;
-+}
-+
-+static int pgetc_nofree(void) {
-   int c;
-   if (parsefile->unget) return parsefile->lastc[--parsefile->unget];
-   if (--parsefile->nleft >= 0)
-@@ -5612,14 +5646,13 @@
- }
- 
- /*
-- * Same as pgetc(), but ignores PEOA.
-+ * Read a character from the script, returning PEOF on end of file.
-+ * Nul characters in the input are silently discarded.
-  */
--static int pgetc2() {
--  int c;
--  do {
--    c = pgetc();
--  } while (c == PEOA);
--  return c;
-+int pgetc(void) {
-+  struct strpush *sp = parsefile->spfree;
-+  if (unlikely(sp)) freestrings(sp);
-+  return pgetc_nofree();
- }
- 
- static void AddUniqueCompletion(linenoiseCompletions *c, char *s) {
-@@ -5774,12 +5807,8 @@
-   int more;
-   char savec;
-   if (unlikely(parsefile->strpush)) {
--    if (parsefile->nleft == -1 && parsefile->strpush->ap && parsefile->nextc[-1] != ' ' &&
--        parsefile->nextc[-1] != '\t') {
--      return PEOA;
--    }
-     popstring();
--    return pgetc();
-+    return pgetc_nofree();
-   }
-   if (unlikely(parsefile->nleft == EOF_NLEFT || parsefile->buf == NULL)) return PEOF;
-   flushall();
-@@ -5840,7 +5869,7 @@
-   len = strlen(s);
-   INTOFF;
-   /*dprintf("*** calling pushstring: %s, %d\n", s, len);*/
--  if (parsefile->strpush) {
-+  if ((unsigned long)parsefile->strpush | (unsigned long)parsefile->spfree) {
-     sp = ckmalloc(sizeof(struct strpush));
-     sp->prev = parsefile->strpush;
-     parsefile->strpush = sp;
-@@ -5849,6 +5878,7 @@
-   sp->prevstring = parsefile->nextc;
-   sp->prevnleft = parsefile->nleft;
-   sp->unget = parsefile->unget;
-+  sp->spfree = parsefile->spfree;
-   memcpy(sp->lastc, parsefile->lastc, sizeof(sp->lastc));
-   sp->ap = (struct alias *)ap;
-   if (ap) {
-@@ -5858,6 +5888,7 @@
-   parsefile->nextc = s;
-   parsefile->nleft = len;
-   parsefile->unget = 0;
-+  parsefile->spfree = NULL;
-   INTON;
- }
- 
-@@ -5871,10 +5902,6 @@
-     if (sp->string != sp->ap->val) {
-       ckfree(sp->string);
-     }
--    sp->ap->flag &= ~ALIASINUSE;
--    if (sp->ap->flag & ALIASDEAD) {
--      unalias(sp->ap->name);
--    }
-   }
-   parsefile->nextc = sp->prevstring;
-   parsefile->nleft = sp->prevnleft;
-@@ -5882,7 +5909,7 @@
-   memcpy(parsefile->lastc, sp->lastc, sizeof(sp->lastc));
-   /*dprintf("*** calling popstring: restoring to '%s'\n", parsenextc);*/
-   parsefile->strpush = sp->prev;
--  if (sp != &(parsefile->basestrpush)) ckfree(sp);
-+  parsefile->spfree = sp;
-   INTON;
- }
- 
-@@ -5893,11 +5920,8 @@
- static int setinputfile(const char *fname, int flags) {
-   int fd;
-   INTOFF;
--  if ((fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) {
--    if (flags & INPUT_NOFILE_OK) goto out;
--    exitstatus = 127;
--    exerror(EXERROR, "Can't open %s", fname);
--  }
-+  fd = sh_open(fname, O_RDONLY, flags & INPUT_NOFILE_OK);
-+  if (fd < 0) goto out;
-   if (fd < 10) fd = savefd(fd, fd);
-   setinputfd(fd, flags & INPUT_PUSH_FILE);
- out:
-@@ -5943,6 +5967,7 @@
-   pf->prev = parsefile;
-   pf->fd = -1;
-   pf->strpush = NULL;
-+  pf->spfree = NULL;
-   pf->basestrpush.prev = NULL;
-   pf->unget = 0;
-   parsefile = pf;
-@@ -5953,7 +5978,11 @@
-   INTOFF;
-   if (pf->fd >= 0) close(pf->fd);
-   if (pf->buf) ckfree(pf->buf);
--  while (pf->strpush) popstring();
-+  if (parsefile->spfree) freestrings(parsefile->spfree);
-+  while (pf->strpush) {
-+    popstring();
-+    freestrings(parsefile->spfree);
-+  }
-   parsefile = pf->prev;
-   ckfree(pf);
-   INTON;
-@@ -5970,18 +5999,6 @@
-   unwindfiles(&basepf);
- }
- 
--/*
-- * Close the file(s) that the shell is reading commands from.  Called
-- * after a fork is done.
-- */
--static void closescript(void) {
--  popallfiles();
--  if (parsefile->fd > 0) {
--    close(parsefile->fd);
--    parsefile->fd = 0;
--  }
--}
--
- static char *commandtext(union node *);
- static int dowait(int, struct job *);
- static int getstatus(struct job *);
-@@ -6052,7 +6069,7 @@
-   if (on == jobctl || rootshell == 0) return;
-   if (on) {
-     int ofd;
--    ofd = fd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDWR, 0);
-+    ofd = fd = sh_open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDWR, 1);
-     if (fd < 0) {
-       fd += 3;
-       while (!isatty(fd))
-@@ -6322,8 +6339,8 @@
- static void showjobs(struct output *out, int mode) {
-   struct job *jp;
-   TRACE(("showjobs(%x) called\n", mode));
--  /* If not even one one job changed, there is nothing to do */
--  dowait(DOWAIT_NORMAL, NULL);
-+  /* If not even one job changed, there is nothing to do */
-+  dowait(DOWAIT_NONBLOCK, NULL);
-   for (jp = curjob; jp; jp = jp->prev_job) {
-     if (!(mode & SHOW_CHANGED) || jp->changed) showjob(out, jp, mode);
-   }
-@@ -6365,7 +6382,7 @@
-         jp->waited = 1;
-         jp = jp->prev_job;
-       }
--      if (!dowait(DOWAIT_WAITCMD, 0)) goto sigout;
-+      if (!dowait(DOWAIT_WAITCMD_ALL, 0)) goto sigout;
-     }
-   }
-   retval = 127;
-@@ -6546,8 +6563,7 @@
-   lvforked = vforked;
-   if (!lvforked) {
-     shlvl++;
--    closescript();
--    clear_traps();
-+    forkreset();
-     /* do job control only in root shell */
-     jobctl = 0;
-   }
-@@ -6567,14 +6583,12 @@
-     ignoresig(SIGQUIT);
-     if (jp->nprocs == 0) {
-       close(0);
--      if (open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY, 0) != 0) sh_error("Can't open %s", _PATH_DEVNULL);
-+      sh_open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY, 0);
-     }
-   }
-   if (!oldlvl && iflag) {
--    if (mode != FORK_BG) {
--      setsignal(SIGINT);
--      setsignal(SIGQUIT);
--    }
-+    setsignal(SIGINT);
-+    setsignal(SIGQUIT);
-     setsignal(SIGTERM);
-   }
-   if (lvforked) return;
-@@ -6666,7 +6680,7 @@
- static int waitforjob(struct job *jp) {
-   int st;
-   TRACE(("waitforjob(%%%d) called\n", jp ? jobno(jp) : 0));
--  dowait(jp ? DOWAIT_BLOCK : DOWAIT_NORMAL, jp);
-+  dowait(jp ? DOWAIT_BLOCK : DOWAIT_NONBLOCK, jp);
-   if (!jp) return exitstatus;
-   st = getstatus(jp);
-   if (jp->jobctl) {
-@@ -6750,12 +6764,19 @@
- }
- 
- static int dowait(int block, struct job *jp) {
--  int pid = block == DOWAIT_NORMAL ? gotsigchld : 1;
--  while (jp ? jp->state == JOBRUNNING : pid > 0) {
--    if (!jp) gotsigchld = 0;
-+  int gotchld = *(volatile int *)&gotsigchld;
-+  int rpid;
-+  int pid;
-+  if (jp && jp->state != JOBRUNNING) block = DOWAIT_NONBLOCK;
-+  if (block == DOWAIT_NONBLOCK && !gotchld) return 1;
-+  rpid = 1;
-+  do {
-     pid = waitone(block, jp);
--  }
--  return pid;
-+    rpid &= !!pid;
-+    block &= ~DOWAIT_WAITCMD_ALL;
-+    if (!pid || (jp && jp->state != JOBRUNNING)) block = DOWAIT_NONBLOCK;
-+  } while (pid >= 0);
-+  return rpid;
- }
- 
- /*
-@@ -6778,12 +6799,13 @@
-   int err;
-   if (jobctl) flags |= WUNTRACED;
-   do {
--    err = wait3(status, flags, NULL);
-+    gotsigchld = 0;
-+    do err = wait3(status, flags, NULL);
-+    while (err < 0 && errno == EINTR);
-     if (err || (err = -!block)) break;
-     sigblockall(&oldmask);
-     while (!gotsigchld && !pending_sig) sigsuspend(&oldmask);
-     sigclearmask();
--    err = 0;
-   } while (gotsigchld);
-   return err;
- }
-@@ -7062,7 +7084,11 @@
- }
- 
- static void xtcsetpgrp(int fd, int pgrp) {
--  if (tcsetpgrp(fd, pgrp)) sh_error("Cannot set tty process group (%s)", strerror(errno));
-+  int err;
-+  sigblockall(NULL);
-+  err = tcsetpgrp(fd, pgrp);
-+  sigclearmask();
-+  if (err) sh_error("Cannot set tty process group (%s)", strerror(errno));
- }
- 
- static int getstatus(struct job *job) {
-@@ -7458,7 +7484,6 @@
-     setinputfile(*xargv, 0);
-   setarg0:
-     arg0 = *xargv++;
--    commandname = arg0;
-   }
-   shellparam.p = xargv;
-   shellparam.optind = 1;
-@@ -7803,22 +7828,27 @@
- }
- 
- static union node *list(int nlflag) {
-+  int chknl = nlflag & 1 ? 0 : CHKNL;
-   union node *n1, *n2, *n3;
-   int tok;
-   n1 = NULL;
-   for (;;) {
--    switch (peektoken()) {
-+    checkkwd = chknl | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
-+    tok = readtoken();
-+    switch (tok) {
-       case TNL:
--        if (!(nlflag & 1)) break;
-         parseheredoc();
-         return n1;
-       case TEOF:
--        if (!n1 && (nlflag & 1)) n1 = NEOF;
-+        if (!n1 && !chknl) n1 = NEOF;
-+      out_eof:
-         parseheredoc();
-+        tokpushback++;
-+        lasttoken = TEOF;
-         return n1;
-     }
--    checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
--    if (nlflag == 2 && tokendlist[peektoken()]) return n1;
-+    tokpushback++;
-+    if (nlflag == 2 && tokendlist[tok]) return n1;
-     nlflag |= 2;
-     n2 = andor();
-     tok = readtoken();
-@@ -7845,15 +7875,16 @@
-       n1 = n3;
-     }
-     switch (tok) {
--      case TNL:
-       case TEOF:
-+        goto out_eof;
-+      case TNL:
-         tokpushback++;
-         /* fall through */
-       case TBACKGND:
-       case TSEMI:
-         break;
-       default:
--        if ((nlflag & 1)) synexpect(-1);
-+        if (!chknl) synexpect(-1);
-         tokpushback++;
-         return n1;
-     }
-@@ -8248,13 +8279,6 @@
-   }
- }
- 
--static int peektoken(void) {
--  int t;
--  t = readtoken();
--  tokpushback++;
--  return (t);
--}
--
- static int readtoken(void) {
-   int t;
-   int kwd = checkkwd;
-@@ -8266,9 +8290,12 @@
-   if (kwd & CHKNL) {
-     while (t == TNL) {
-       parseheredoc();
-+      checkkwd = 0;
-       t = xxreadtoken();
-     }
-   }
-+  kwd |= checkkwd;
-+  checkkwd = 0;
-   if (t != TWORD || quoteflag) {
-     goto out;
-   }
-@@ -8284,7 +8311,7 @@
-       goto out;
-     }
-   }
--  if (checkkwd & CHKALIAS) {
-+  if (kwd & CHKALIAS) {
-     struct alias *ap;
-     if ((ap = lookupalias(wordtext, 1)) != NULL) {
-       if (*ap->val) {
-@@ -8294,7 +8321,6 @@
-     }
-   }
- out:
--  checkkwd = 0;
-   return (t);
- }
- 
-@@ -8338,7 +8364,6 @@
-     switch (c) {
-       case ' ':
-       case '\t':
--      case PEOA:
-         continue;
-       case '#':
-         while ((c = pgetc()) != '\n' && c != PEOF)
-@@ -8376,7 +8401,7 @@
- static int pgetc_eatbnl(void) {
-   int c;
-   while ((c = pgetc()) == '\\') {
--    if (pgetc2() != '\n') {
-+    if (pgetc() != '\n') {
-       pungetc();
-       break;
-     }
-@@ -8481,7 +8506,7 @@
-         break;
-       /* backslash */
-       case CBACK:
--        c = pgetc2();
-+        c = pgetc();
-         if (c == PEOF) {
-           USTPUTC(CTLESC, out);
-           USTPUTC('\\', out);
-@@ -8568,13 +8593,9 @@
-         break;
-       case CEOF:
-         goto endword; /* exit outer loop */
--      case CIGN:
--        break;
-       default:
-         if (synstack->varnest == 0) goto endword; /* exit outer loop */
--        if (c != PEOA) {
--          USTPUTC(c, out);
--        }
-+        USTPUTC(c, out);
-     }
-     c = pgetc_top(synstack);
-   }
-@@ -8613,18 +8634,13 @@
-   if (realeofmark(eofmark)) {
-     int markloc;
-     char *p;
--    if (c == PEOA) {
--      c = pgetc2();
--    }
-     if (striptabs) {
--      while (c == '\t') {
--        c = pgetc2();
--      }
-+      while (c == '\t') c = pgetc();
-     }
-     markloc = out - (char *)stackblock();
-     for (p = eofmark; STPUTC(c, out), *p; p++) {
-       if (c != *p) goto more_heredoc;
--      c = pgetc2();
-+      c = pgetc();
-     }
-     if (c == '\n' || c == PEOF) {
-       c = PEOF;
-@@ -8717,8 +8733,7 @@
-   char *p;
-   static const char types[] = "}-+?=";
-   c = pgetc_eatbnl();
--  if ((checkkwd & CHKEOFMARK) || c <= PEOA ||
--      (c != '(' && c != '{' && !is_name(c) && !is_special(c))) {
-+  if ((checkkwd & CHKEOFMARK) || (c != '(' && c != '{' && !is_name(c) && !is_special(c))) {
-     USTPUTC('$', out);
-     pungetc();
-   } else if (c == '(') { /* $(command) or $((arith)) */
-@@ -8748,7 +8763,7 @@
-       do {
-         STPUTC(c, out);
-         c = pgetc_eatbnl();
--      } while (is_digit(c));
-+      } while ((subtype <= 0 || subtype >= VSLENGTH) && is_digit(c));
-     } else if (c != '}') {
-       int cc = c;
-       c = pgetc_eatbnl();
-@@ -8795,6 +8810,7 @@
-           break;
-       }
-     } else {
-+      if (subtype == VSLENGTH && c != '}') subtype = 0;
-     badsub:
-       pungetc();
-     }
-@@ -8850,15 +8866,11 @@
-         case '`':
-           goto done;
-         case '\\':
--          pc = pgetc_eatbnl();
-+          pc = pgetc();
-           if (pc != '\\' && pc != '`' && pc != '$' && (!synstack->dblquote || pc != '"'))
-             STPUTC('\\', pout);
--          if (pc > PEOA) {
--            break;
--          }
--          /* fall through */
-+          break;
-         case PEOF:
--        case PEOA:
-           synerror("EOF in backquote substitution");
-         case '\n':
-           nlnoprompt();
-@@ -8892,8 +8904,8 @@
-   else {
-     if (readtoken() != TRP) synexpect(TRP);
-     setinputstring(nullstr);
--    parseheredoc();
-   }
-+  parseheredoc();
-   heredoclist = saveheredoclist;
-   (*nlpp)->n = n;
-   /* Start reading from old file again. */
-@@ -8938,21 +8950,38 @@
- }
- 
- static const char *expandstr(const char *ps) {
--  union node n;
-+  struct parsefile *file_stop;
-+  struct jmploc *volatile savehandler;
-+  struct heredoc *saveheredoclist;
-+  const char *result;
-   int saveprompt;
--  /* XXX Fix (char *) cast. */
--  setinputstring((char *)ps);
-+  struct jmploc jmploc;
-+  union node n;
-+  int err;
-+  file_stop = parsefile;
-+  setinputstring((char *)ps); /* XXX Fix (char *) cast. */
-+  saveheredoclist = heredoclist;
-+  heredoclist = NULL;
-   saveprompt = doprompt;
-   doprompt = 0;
-+  result = ps;
-+  savehandler = handler;
-+  if (unlikely(err = setjmp(jmploc.loc))) goto out;
-+  handler = &jmploc;
-   readtoken1(pgetc_eatbnl(), DQSYNTAX, FAKEEOFMARK, 0);
--  doprompt = saveprompt;
--  popfile();
-   n.narg.type = NARG;
-   n.narg.next = NULL;
-   n.narg.text = wordtext;
-   n.narg.backquote = backquotelist;
-   expandarg(&n, NULL, EXP_QUOTED);
--  return stackblock();
-+  result = stackblock();
-+out:
-+  handler = savehandler;
-+  if (err && exception != EXERROR) longjmp(handler->loc, 1);
-+  doprompt = saveprompt;
-+  unwindfiles(file_stop);
-+  heredoclist = saveheredoclist;
-+  return result;
- }
- 
- /*
-@@ -8979,6 +9008,16 @@
-   return findstring(s, parsekwd, sizeof(parsekwd) / sizeof(const char *));
- }
- 
-+static unsigned update_closed_redirs(int fd, int nfd) {
-+  unsigned val = closed_redirs;
-+  unsigned bit = 1 << fd;
-+  if (nfd >= 0)
-+    closed_redirs &= ~bit;
-+  else
-+    closed_redirs |= bit;
-+  return val & bit;
-+}
-+
- /*
-  * Process a list of redirection commands.  If the REDIR_PUSH flag is set,
-  * old file descriptors are stashed away so that the redirection can be
-@@ -9003,17 +9042,17 @@
-     if (newfd < -1) continue;
-     fd = n->nfile.fd;
-     if (sv) {
-+      int closed;
-       p = &sv->renamed[fd];
-       i = *p;
-+      closed = update_closed_redirs(fd, newfd);
-       if (likely(i == EMPTY)) {
-         i = CLOSED;
--        if (fd != newfd) {
-+        if (fd != newfd && !closed) {
-           i = savefd(fd, fd);
-           fd = -1;
-         }
-       }
--      if (i == newfd) /* Can only happen if i == newfd == CLOSED */
--        i = REALLY_CLOSED;
-       *p = i;
-     }
-     if (fd == newfd) continue;
-@@ -9023,47 +9062,66 @@
-   if (flags & REDIR_SAVEFD2 && sv->renamed[2] >= 0) preverrout.fd = sv->renamed[2];
- }
- 
-+wontreturn static int sh_open_fail(const char *pathname, int flags, int e) {
-+  const char *word;
-+  int action;
-+  word = "open";
-+  action = E_OPEN;
-+  if (flags & O_CREAT) {
-+    word = "create";
-+    action = E_CREAT;
-+  }
-+  sh_error("cannot %s %s: %s", word, pathname, errmsg(e, action));
-+}
-+
-+static int sh_open(const char *pathname, int flags, int mayfail) {
-+  int fd;
-+  int e;
-+  do {
-+    fd = open(pathname, flags, 0666);
-+    e = errno;
-+  } while (fd < 0 && e == EINTR && !pending_sig);
-+  if (mayfail || fd >= 0) return fd;
-+  sh_open_fail(pathname, flags, e);
-+}
-+
- static int openredirect(union node *redir) {
-   struct stat sb;
-   char *fname;
-+  int flags;
-   int f;
-   switch (redir->nfile.type) {
-     case NFROM:
--      fname = redir->nfile.expfname;
--      if ((f = open(fname, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) goto eopen;
-+      flags = O_RDONLY;
-+    do_open:
-+      f = sh_open(redir->nfile.expfname, flags, 0);
-       break;
-     case NFROMTO:
--      fname = redir->nfile.expfname;
--      if ((f = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0666)) < 0) goto ecreate;
--      break;
-+      flags = O_RDWR|O_CREAT;
-+      goto do_open;
-     case NTO:
-       /* Take care of noclobber mode. */
-       if (Cflag) {
-         fname = redir->nfile.expfname;
-         if (stat(fname, &sb) < 0) {
--          if ((f = open(fname, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666)) < 0) goto ecreate;
--        } else if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
--          if ((f = open(fname, O_WRONLY, 0666)) < 0) goto ecreate;
--          if (!fstat(f, &sb) && S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
--            close(f);
--            errno = EEXIST;
--            goto ecreate;
--          }
--        } else {
--          errno = EEXIST;
-+          flags = O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL;
-+          goto do_open;
-+        }
-+        if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) goto ecreate;
-+        f = sh_open(fname, O_WRONLY, 0);
-+        if (!fstat(f, &sb) && S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
-+          close(f);
-           goto ecreate;
-         }
-         break;
-       }
-       /* FALLTHROUGH */
-     case NCLOBBER:
--      fname = redir->nfile.expfname;
--      if ((f = open(fname, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666)) < 0) goto ecreate;
--      break;
-+      flags = O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC;
-+      goto do_open;
-     case NAPPEND:
--      fname = redir->nfile.expfname;
--      if ((f = open(fname, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0666)) < 0) goto ecreate;
--      break;
-+      flags = O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND;
-+      goto do_open;
-     case NTOFD:
-     case NFROMFD:
-       f = redir->ndup.dupfd;
-@@ -9078,9 +9136,7 @@
-   }
-   return f;
- ecreate:
--  sh_error("cannot create %s: %s", fname, errmsg(errno, E_CREAT));
--eopen:
--  sh_error("cannot open %s: %s", fname, errmsg(errno, E_OPEN));
-+  sh_open_fail(fname, O_CREAT, EEXIST);
- }
- 
- static void dupredirect(union node *redir, int f) {
-@@ -9149,12 +9205,12 @@
-   INTOFF;
-   rp = redirlist;
-   for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-+    int closed;
-+    if (rp->renamed[i] == EMPTY) continue;
-+    closed = drop ? 1 : update_closed_redirs(i, rp->renamed[i]);
-     switch (rp->renamed[i]) {
-       case CLOSED:
--        if (!drop) close(i);
--        break;
--      case EMPTY:
--      case REALLY_CLOSED:
-+        if (!closed) close(i);
-         break;
-       default:
-         if (!drop) dup2(rp->renamed[i], i);
-@@ -9268,23 +9324,6 @@
-   return 0;
- }
- 
--/*
-- * Clear traps on a fork.
-- */
--static void clear_traps(void) {
--  char **tp;
--  INTOFF;
--  for (tp = trap; tp < &trap[NSIG]; tp++) {
--    if (*tp && **tp) { /* trap not NULL or SIG_IGN */
--      ckfree(*tp);
--      *tp = NULL;
--      if (tp != &trap[0]) setsignal(tp - trap);
--    }
--  }
--  trapcnt = 0;
--  INTON;
--}
--
- /*
-  * Set the signal handler for the specified signal.  The routine figures
-  * out what it should be set to.
-@@ -9437,15 +9476,17 @@
-     trap[0] = NULL;
-     evalskip = 0;
-     evalstring(p, 0);
-+    evalskip = SKIPFUNCDEF;
-   }
- out:
-+  exitreset();
-   /*
-    * Disable job control so that whoever had the foreground before we
-    * started can get it back.
-    */
-   if (likely(!setjmp(loc.loc))) setjobctl(0);
-   flushall();
--  _exit(savestatus);
-+  _exit(exitstatus);
- }
- 
- static int decode_signal(const char *string, int minsig) {
-@@ -10104,12 +10145,23 @@
- static int timescmd() {
-   struct tms buf;
-   long int clk_tck = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
-+  int mutime, mstime, mcutime, mcstime;
-+  double utime, stime, cutime, cstime;
-   times(&buf);
--  Printf("%dm%fs %dm%fs\n%dm%fs %dm%fs\n", (int)(buf.tms_utime / clk_tck / 60),
--         ((double)buf.tms_utime) / clk_tck, (int)(buf.tms_stime / clk_tck / 60),
--         ((double)buf.tms_stime) / clk_tck, (int)(buf.tms_cutime / clk_tck / 60),
--         ((double)buf.tms_cutime) / clk_tck, (int)(buf.tms_cstime / clk_tck / 60),
--         ((double)buf.tms_cstime) / clk_tck);
-+  utime = (double)buf.tms_utime / clk_tck;
-+  mutime = utime / 60;
-+  utime -= mutime * 60.0;
-+  stime = (double)buf.tms_stime / clk_tck;
-+  mstime = stime / 60;
-+  stime -= mstime * 60.0;
-+  cutime = (double)buf.tms_cutime / clk_tck;
-+  mcutime = cutime / 60;
-+  cutime -= mcutime * 60.0;
-+  cstime = (double)buf.tms_cstime / clk_tck;
-+  mcstime = cstime / 60;
-+  cstime -= mcstime * 60.0;
-+  Printf("%dm%fs %dm%fs\n%dm%fs %dm%fs\n", mutime, utime, mstime, stime,
-+         mcutime, cutime, mcstime, cstime);
-   return 0;
- }
- 
-@@ -10402,7 +10454,7 @@
-  * Called after a function returns.
-  * Interrupts must be off.
-  */
--static void poplocalvars(int keep) {
-+static void poplocalvars(void) {
-   struct localvar_list *ll;
-   struct localvar *lvp, *next;
-   struct Var *vp;
-@@ -10415,18 +10467,7 @@
-     next = lvp->next;
-     vp = lvp->vp;
-     TRACE(("poplocalvar %s\n", vp ? vp->text : "-"));
--    if (keep) {
--      int bits = VSTRFIXED;
--      if (lvp->flags != VUNSET) {
--        if (vp->text == lvp->text)
--          bits |= VTEXTFIXED;
--        else if (!(lvp->flags & (VTEXTFIXED | VSTACK)))
--          ckfree(lvp->text);
--      }
--      vp->flags &= ~bits;
--      vp->flags |= (lvp->flags & bits);
--      if ((vp->flags & (VEXPORT | VREADONLY | VSTRFIXED | VUNSET)) == VUNSET) unsetvar(vp->text);
--    } else if (vp == NULL) { /* $- saved */
-+    if (vp == NULL) { /* $- saved */
-       memcpy(optlist, lvp->text, sizeof(optlist));
-       ckfree(lvp->text);
-       optschanged();
-@@ -10463,7 +10504,7 @@
- }
- 
- static void unwindlocalvars(struct localvar_list *stop) {
--  while (localvar_stack != stop) poplocalvars(0);
-+  while (localvar_stack != stop) poplocalvars();
- }
- 
- /*
-@@ -10506,8 +10547,7 @@
-     sigmode[SIGCHLD - 1] = S_DFL;
-     setsignal(SIGCHLD);
-   }
--  /* from output.c: */
--  {} /* from var.c: */
-+  /* from var.c: */
-   {
-     char **envp;
-     static char ppid[32] = "PPID=";
-@@ -10543,12 +10583,13 @@
- static void exitreset() {
-   /* from eval.c: */
-   {
--    evalskip = 0;
--    loopnest = 0;
-     if (savestatus >= 0) {
--      exitstatus = savestatus;
-+      if (exception == EXEXIT || evalskip == SKIPFUNCDEF) exitstatus = savestatus;
-       savestatus = -1;
-     }
-+    evalskip = 0;
-+    loopnest = 0;
-+    inps4 = 0;
-   }
-   /* from expand.c: */
-   { ifsfree(); }
-@@ -10561,6 +10602,42 @@
-   }
- }
- 
-+/*
-+ * This routine is called when we enter a subshell.
-+ */
-+static void forkreset() {
-+  /* from input.c: */
-+  {
-+    popallfiles();
-+    if (parsefile->fd > 0) {
-+      close(parsefile->fd);
-+      parsefile->fd = 0;
-+    }
-+  }
-+  /* from main.c: */
-+  {
-+    handler = &main_handler;
-+  }
-+  /* from redir.c: */
-+  {
-+    redirlist = NULL;
-+  }
-+  /* from trap.c: */
-+  {
-+    char **tp;
-+    INTOFF;
-+    for (tp = trap ; tp < &trap[NSIG] ; tp++) {
-+      if (*tp && **tp) {  /* trap not NULL or SIG_IGN */
-+        ckfree(*tp);
-+        *tp = NULL;
-+        if (tp != &trap[0]) setsignal(tp - trap);
-+      }
-+    }
-+    trapcnt = 0;
-+    INTON;
-+  }
-+}
-+
- /*
-  * This routine is called when an error or an interrupt occurs in an
-  * interactive shell and control is returned to the main command loop.
-@@ -10570,10 +10647,10 @@
-   {
-     /* clear input buffer */
-     basepf.lleft = basepf.nleft = 0;
-+    basepf.unget = 0;
-     popallfiles();
-   }
--  /* from output.c: */
--  {} /* from var.c: */
-+  /* from var.c: */
-   {
-     unwindlocalvars(0);
-   }
-@@ -10815,11 +10892,14 @@
-     if (n == NEOF) {
-       if (!top || numeof >= 50) break;
-       if (!stoppedjobs()) {
--        if (!Iflag) break;
-+        if (!Iflag) {
-+          if (iflag) outcslow('\n', out2);
-+          break;
-+        }
-         outstr("\nUse \"exit\" to leave shell.\n", out2);
-       }
-       numeof++;
--    } else if (nflag == 0) {
-+    } else {
-       int i;
-       job_warning = (job_warning == 2) ? 1 : 0;
-       numeof = 0;
-@@ -10899,17 +10979,16 @@
- int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-   char *shinit;
-   volatile int state;
--  struct jmploc jmploc;
-   struct stackmark smark;
-   int login;
-   state = 0;
--  if (unlikely(setjmp(jmploc.loc))) {
-+  if (unlikely(setjmp(main_handler.loc))) {
-     int e;
-     int s;
-     exitreset();
-     e = exception;
-     s = state;
--    if (e == EXEXIT || s == 0 || iflag == 0 || shlvl) exitshell();
-+    if (e == EXEND || e == EXEXIT || s == 0 || iflag == 0 || shlvl) exitshell();
-     reset();
-     if (e == EXINT) {
-       outcslow('\n', out2);
-@@ -10926,7 +11005,7 @@
-       goto state4;
-     }
-   }
--  handler = &jmploc;
-+  handler = &main_handler;
-   rootpid = getpid();
-   init();
-   setstackmark(&smark);