diff --git a/respodns/db.py b/respodns/db.py
index ed7aa7e..1e91cdb 100644
--- a/respodns/db.py
+++ b/respodns/db.py
@@ -165,6 +165,11 @@ class RespoDB:
         execution.completed = completed
         self.flush()
 
+    def all_ips(self):
+        assert self._conn is not None
+        addresses = self._conn.find(TAddress)
+        return [addr.str for addr in addresses]
+
     def next_record_id(self):
         from storm.expr import Add, Max, Coalesce
         expr = Add(Coalesce(Max(TRecord.record_id), 0), 1)
diff --git a/respodns/dns.py b/respodns/dns.py
index d766629..7ac4dd2 100644
--- a/respodns/dns.py
+++ b/respodns/dns.py
@@ -265,6 +265,14 @@ async def main(db, filepaths, checks, opts: Options):
             async for ip in reader:
                 await process(ip, reader.total)
 
+    if seen == 0:
+        # no IPs were provided. refresh all the country codes instead.
+        all_ips = db.all_ips()
+        for i, ip in enumerate(all_ips):
+            if opts.progress:
+                print(f"#{i + 1}/{len(all_ips)}: {ip}", file=stderr)
+            await opts.ips.put(ip)
+
     await pooler()
     await syncing
     await opts.ips.put(None)  # end of queue